This course will help clinicians identify the anatomic and functional characteristics of visceral pain and differentiate it from somatic and neuropathic pain. In the pelvis, visceral and somatic structures may converge to form complex overlapping pain syndromes such as irritable bowel syndrome, bladder pain syndrome, endometriosis, neuropathy, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, and vulvodynia. Combinations of symptoms and overlap between pain diagnoses leads to nearly 26% of the world's female population being diagnosed with chronic pelvic pain. Clinicians can recognize and diagnose pathology originating from visceral structures; however, pain syndromes originating from somatic and neurologic structures are often missed. This course will provide clinicians with guidance on how to modify the history and physical examination to identify causes of pelvic pain. We will discuss endometriosis as an example of a pelvic pain condition with visceral and somatic characteristics, and specifically cover controversies in the management of endometriosis that result from the inability to properly identify these characteristics.